Of everything in the pack, this is the item where buying badly is felt immediately.
The wrong headlamp announces you across a field, blinds the person you are walking with, and dies twenty minutes into the walk out. The right one you will forget you are wearing, which is the entire specification.
Red first, not red eventually
The single feature worth choosing on. Your eyes take twenty to thirty minutes to adapt to the dark and about a second of white light to lose it. A lamp that starts in red every time protects that automatically; a lamp where red is three clicks deep into a menu means you will flash yourself white at 5am while trying to find it, every time, forever.
The number that actually matters
Not peak lumens — runtime at a level you would actually walk by. Most lamps quote a headline brightness they sustain for a few minutes before stepping down to protect the emitter. Look for hours at mid output, and treat the big number as marketing.
Lockout and batteries
A lockout stops the button being pressed inside your pack, which is how most lamps arrive flat. And prefer a lamp that takes a swappable cell as well as charging over USB: rechargeable-only is fine until it is cold, half charged, and there is no way to hand it a fresh battery.
When not to buy one
If the lamp you own already starts in red and holds a charge, you are done — this is not an upgrade worth making. The failure mode with lighting is almost never “not bright enough”. It is “flat”, “blinding”, or “at home on the bench”.